The success of Control, according to Ripani, bridged the gap between R&B and rap music. Ripani Ph.D., author of The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950–1999 (2006), observed that the album was one of the first successful records to influence the rise of new jack swing by creating a fusion of R&B, rap, funk, disco and synthesized percussion. Though Jackson had previously been popular in R&B music, Control established her crossover appeal in the popular music market. Jam and Lewis used similar influences with hip-hop influenced drums with smoother R&B stylings in the production. įormer members of Minneapolis music group The Time, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, originated the style that came to be known as new jack swing with Janet Jackson's third album, the groundbreaking multi-platinum Control. Merriam-Webster's online dictionary defines new jack swing as "pop music usually performed by black musicians that combines elements of traditional jazz, electronica, smooth jazz, funk, rap, and rhythm and blues Encyclopædia Britannica calls it the "most pop-oriented rhythm-and-blues music since 1960s Motown", since its "performers were unabashed entertainers, free of artistic pretensions its songwriters and producers were commercial professionals." New jack swing did not take up the trend of using sampled beats, and instead created beats using the then-new SP-1200 and Roland 808 drum machines to lay an "insistent beat under light melody lines and clearly enunciated vocals." Encyclopædia Britannica states that the "key producers" were Babyface and Teddy Riley. The sound of new jack swing comes from the hip hop "swing" beats created by drum machine, and hardware samplers, which was popular during the golden age of hip hop, with contemporary R&B style singing. It used R&B style vocals sung over hip hop and dance-pop style influenced instrumentation. The new jack swing style developed as many previous music styles did, by combining elements of older styles with newer sensibilities. It fuses the rhythms, samples and production techniques of hip-hop and dance-pop with the urban contemporary sound of R&B. Its influence, along with hip-hop, seeped into pop culture and was the definitive sound of the inventive Black New York club scene. New jack swing or swingbeat is a fusion genre spearheaded by Teddy Riley and Bernard Belle which became extremely popular from the late-1980s into the mid-1990s. Dance-pop, house, funk, R&B, swing, hip hop, soul
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